|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Difficulties in Revitalizing Public Space By CCTVStreet Prostitution Surveillance in the Swiss City of Olten
Francisco R. Klauser
University of Durham, UK, f.r.klauser{at}durham.ac.uk
This article critically assesses the adequacy of CCTV as an instrument to revitalize urban areas suffering from concentrated social disadvantage. Empirically, it focuses on the video-surveillance of street prostitution in the Swiss city of Olten. This CCTV system was installed at the beginning of 2001 and focuses on an urban `hot spot' used by different types of marginalized social groups. In the Olten case-study, video-surveillance is examined as it is understood and perceived both by the population at large and by daily users of the monitored area. In investigating whether surveillance cameras render monitored areas accessible to people erstwhile excluded from that space because of their negative subjective perception of risks, this article puts particular emphasis on the phenomenon of `distanciation' caused by CCTV. By showing that CCTV is forgotten very quickly and felt to be somehow unreal against the background of everyday social activities in monitored areas, this approach also stresses that CCTV is very limited as an instrument to revitalize public places of fear.
Key Words: CCTV city distanciation public space social control
References
- Affolter, A. and Wyss P. (2002) ` Stadtpolizei mehr in Quartieren ', Oltner Tagblatt (19 Feb.): 9 .
- Akrich, M. and Méadel, C. (1999) `Anthropologie de la télésurveillance en milieu privé', Research report Pirvilles-CNRS and Institut des Hautes études sur la sécurité intérieure (IHESI), Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation. Paris: Ecole des Mines .
- Allen, L. (2006) ` Is "reality CCTV" a step too far? ', BBC News online, 8 May. Available at: [ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4752167.stm].
- Armitage, R. (2002) To CCTV or not to CCTV. A Review of Current Research into the Effectiveness of CCTV Systems in Reducing Crime. London: National Association for the Care and Resettlement of Offenders . Available at: [http://www.nacro.org.uk/data/briefings/nacro-2002062800-csps.pdf ].
- Ashworth, G.J., White, P.E. and Winchester, P.M. (1988) ` The Red-light District in the West European City: a Neglected Aspect of the Urban Landscape ', Geoforum 19: 201—12 .[Web of Science]
- Brown, B. (1995) CCTV in Town Centres: Three Case Studies. Police Research Group, Crime Detection and Prevention Series 68. London: Home Office Police Department .
- Coleman, R. (2004) ` Reclaiming the Streets: Closed Circuit Television, Neoliberalism and the Mystification of Social Divisions in Liverpool, UK ', Surveillance and Society 2 (2—3): 145—60 .
- De Certeau, M. (1984) The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley: University of California Press .
- Ditton, J. (1998) `Public Support for Town Centre CCTV Schemes: Myth or Reality?', in C. Norris, J. Morran and G. Armstrong (eds) Surveillance, CCTV and Social Control, pp. 221—8. Aldershot: Ashgate .
- Ditton, J. (2000) ` Crime and the City. Public Attitudes towards Open-street CCTV in Glasgow ', British Journal of Criminology 40 (4): 692—709 .[Abstract]
- Ditton, J. and Short, E. (1998) `Evaluating Scotland's First Town Centre CCTV Scheme ', in C. Norris, J. Morran and G. Armstrong (eds) Surveillance, CCTV and Social Control, pp. 155—74. Aldershot: Ashgate .
- Frith, M. (2004) ` Big Brother Britain ', The Independent (12 Jan.): 1 .
- Fyfe, N.R. and Bannister, J. (1996) ` City Watching: Closed Circuit Television in Public Spaces ', Area 28: 37—46 .
- Garland, D. (1996) ` The Limits of the Sovereign State ', British Journal of Criminology 36 (4): 445—71 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Gill, M. and Spriggs, A. (2005) Assessing the Impact of CCTV, Home Office Research Study 292. London: Home Office .
- Graham, S. (2005) ` Software-sorted geographies ', Progress in Human Geography 29(5): 562—80 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Guggenbühl, L. and Berger, C. (2001) Subjektive Risikowahrnehmung und Schutzstrategien sich prostituierender Drogenkonsumentinnen, Research project 134. Bern: Swiss National Science Foundation .
- Güngör, K. (ed.) (2002) Rotlichtmilieu, Wohnquartiere und Stadtentwicklung, Empfehlungsgutachten im Rahmen des Modellprojektes PlaZe — Planungszellen zur partizipativ-integrativen Stadtentwicklung . Basel: Büro für Angewandte Sozialforschung und Entwicklung .
- Gyr, M. ( 2003) Verwirrliche Rechtssituation in Sachen Videoüberwachung , Neue Zürcher Zeitung (13 Feb.): 43 .
- Haggerty, K.D. and Ericson, R.V. (2000) ` The Surveillant Assemblage ', British Journal of Sociology 51 (4): 605—21 .[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Helten, F. and Fischer, B. (2004) What do People Think about CCTV? Findings from a Berlin Survey, Urbaneye RTD-Project, 5th Framework Programme of the European Commission, Working Paper 13. Berlin: Berlin Institute for Social Research .
- Holden, A. and Iveson, K. (2003) ` Designs on the Urban: New Labour's Urban Renaissance and the Spaces of Citizenship ', City 7 (1): 57—72 .[CrossRef]
- Hölscher, M. (2003) ` Sicherheitsgefühl und Überwachung. Eine empirische Studie zu Einstellungen der Bürger zur Videoüberwachung und ihrer Erklärung ', Kriminologisches Journal 35: 42—56 .
- Home Office (1993) A Practical Guide to Crime Prevention for Local Partnerships. London: Home Office .
- Honess, T. and Charman, E. (1992) Closed Circuit Television in Public Places: Its Accebtability and Perceived Effectiveness, Police Research Group, Crime Detection and Prevention Series 35. London: Home Office Police Department .
- Hubbard, P. (1997) ` Red-light Districts and Toleration Zones: Geographies of Female Street Prostitution in England and Wales ', Area 20: 129—40 .
- Johnstone, C. and Whitehead, M. (2004) New Horizons in British Urban Policy. Aldershot: Ashgate .
- Klauser, F. (2004) ` A Comparison of the Impact of `Protective' and `Preservative ' Video Surveillance on Urban Territoriality: the Case of Switzerland', Surveillance and Society 2 (2—3): 145—60 .
- Klauser, F. (2006) Die Videoüberwachung öffentlicher Räume. Frankfurt: Campus .
- Koskela, H. (1999) `Fear, Control and Space: Geographies of Gender, Fear of Violence, and Video Surveillance', published PhD thesis. Helsinki: University of Helsinki, Department of Geography .
- Latour, B. (1987) Science in Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press .
- Lyon, D. (ed.) (2003) Surveillance as Social Sorting: Privacy, Risk and Automated Discrimination. London: Routledge .
- Mork Lomell, H. (2004) ` Targeting the Unwanted. Video Surveillance and Categorical Exclusion in Oslo, Norway ', Surveillance and Society 2 (2—3): 346—60 .
- Nieto, M. (1997) Public Video Surveillance: Is It an Effective Crime Prevention Tool? Sacramento: California Research Bureau . [www.library.ca.gov/CRB/97/05/ ].
- Norris, C. (2002). `From Personal to Digital: CCTV, the Panopticon and the Technological Mediation of Suspicion and Social Control', in D. Lyon (ed.) Surveillance and Social Sorting: Privacy Risk and Automated Discrimination. London: Routledge .
- Norris, C. and Armstrong, G. (1999) The Maximum Surveillance Society: the Rise of CCTV. Oxford: Berg .
- Reeve, A. (1998) `The Panopticisation of Shopping: CCTV and Leisure Consumption', in C. Norris, J. Morran and G. Armstrong (eds) Surveillance, CCTV and Social Control, pp. 69—88. Aldershot: Ashgate .
- Ruegg, J., November, V. and Klauser, F. (2004) ` CCTV, Risk Management and Regulation Mechanisms in Publicly-used Places: a Discussion Based on Swiss Examples ', Surveillance and Society 2 (2—3): 415—29 .
- Ruegg, J., Flückiger, A., November, V. and Klauser, F. (2006) Vidéosurveillance et risques dans l'espace à usage public: représentations des risques, régulation sociale et liberté de mouvement, Research report 101412—101858/1, Swiss National Science Foundation, Universities of Geneva and Fribourg. Geneva: Cetel .
- Skinns, D. (1998) `Crime Reduction, Diffusion and Displacement: Evaluating the Effectiveness of CCTV', in C. Norris, J. Morran and G. Armstrong (eds) Surveillance, CCTV and Social Control, pp. 175—88. Aldershot: Ashgate .
- Stadtrat Olten (2000) Auszug aus dem Protokoll des Stadtrates von Olten Industriestrasse/Video-Überwachung, 35/8(287). Olten: Stadtrat .
- Tilley, N. (1998) `Evaluating the Effectiveness of CCTV Schemes', in C. Norris, J. Morran and G. Armstrong (eds) Surveillance, CCTV and Social Control, pp. 139—53. Aldershot: Ashgate .
- Videotronic AG (2003) Paving the Way to a Better Future (advertisement slogan). Available at: [http://www.videotronic.ch ].
- Vitalis, A. (1998) ` Etre vu sans jamais voir ', Le Monde Diplomatique (Mar.): 26—7 .
- Welsh, B.C. and Farrington, D.P. (2002) Crime Prevention Effects of Closed Circuit Television: a Systematic Review, Home Office Research Study 252. London: Home Office .
- Williams, K.S. and Johnstone, C. (2000) ` The Politics of the Selective Gaze: Closed Circuit Television and the Policing of Public Space ', Crime, Law and Social Change 34 (2): 183—210 .[CrossRef][Web of Science]
European Urban and Regional Studies, Vol. 14, No. 4,
337-348 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0969776407081166

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
|
|